For a practical answer to this question, try listening to a speaker outside of a box, particularly if it's a low-frequency driver. What you're bound to hear is, in part, the air rushing in and out through the vents beneath the spider or the pole vent and, in part, the difference between the two opposing pressures that the cone generates as it moves back and forth.
The purpose of an enclosure is to either confine or alter one of the pressures by means of delay, resonance, or some degree of the two. Both pressures can be manipulated but only one can be confined. If you consider the ratio between the peak output of a speaker operating in free air and that of one mounted within an enclosure, it becomes evident that the enclosure is chiefly responsible for the system's overall efficiency; it's input to output ratio.
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